PART iv.] NOTES. 113
There are a few exceptions to this rule which will be noticed separately as they occur.
It is clear that Substantival Clauses will be most commonly used in reporting speech (or thoughts) of others. In this case all Adverbial or Adjectival Clauses depending on the Substantival must be Subjunctive.
136. Certior factus sum—'I have been informed,' literally, 'I have been made more certain.'
utantur—in Subj., because explaining esse gentes.
137. Gryphas—acc. of Gryps, 'griffins,' fabulous monsters, like the dragon slain by St. George.
138. Barca—a town in N. Africa.
ex adverso—'in the opposite direction.'
139. se soluturos—'to pay.' Verbs of hoping and promising take the Future Infinitive, which is translated like the Present.
140. Icto foedere—'A truce being agreed on,' lit. 'struck.'
iureiurando—abl. of iusiurandum, of which both parts are declined.
Stare with abl.—'to stand by.'
tam diu—quam dia—'so long—as.'
141. quidnam esset—indirect question.
142. Carthaginienses—the inhabitants of Carthage (Carthago), a town in N. Africa.
Libya—a country in N. Africa.
Herculeas columnas—'the pillars of Hercules.'
Gibraltar (Calpe), and Abyla, a mountain in Africa just opposite, were so called from the fable that they were originally one mountain, torn in two by Hercules (Herakles), the national hero of Greece.
sin minus—'but if not.'
143. Nomadas—from Nomas, a Greek word, meaning 'roaming about for pasture,' 'the Bedouins.'
ne unquam—more elegant than 'ut nunquam'
144. Darius.—See 108, note.
Ister—'the Danube.'
aciem committere—'to join line of battle.'
neque ullus—more elegant than 'et nullus.'
To give earth and water was a sign of complete submission.
145. in malam crucem proinde abiret—'let him go and be hanged.'
abiret—indirect form of the imperative.
146. similis equo—i.e. in swiftness.
Magos.—See 108, note.
147. de improviso—'unexpectedly.'
149. solverent—See 145, note.
se facturos.—See 139, note.
151. Ioniam.—See 91, note.
